5 GHz and 2.4 GHz are two commonly used frequency bands for wireless networks, each with its own characteristics and applicable scenarios. Here are their main differences:

1. Frequency range

2.4 GHz band: Mainly includes the frequency band from 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz. This frequency band was used for wireless communications earlier, so the equipment supports a wide range.

5 GHz band: Mainly includes the frequency band from 5.150 GHz to 5.825 GHz. Compared with 2.4 GHz, the 5 GHz band is newer and supports higher data transmission speeds.

2. Signal coverage

2.4 GHz band: It has a longer coverage range and stronger penetration ability, and can penetrate walls and obstacles. Therefore, it is suitable for covering larger areas, especially in complex environments.

5 GHz band: Due to the higher frequency, the signal has weaker penetration ability and a shorter coverage range. Signals are easily blocked by walls and other obstacles, so they are suitable for open spaces or shorter distances.

3. Transmission speed

2.4 GHz band: The maximum data transmission rate provided is relatively low. Typical Wi-Fi standards (such as 802.11b/g/n) generally have a maximum speed of 54 Mbps to 600 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band.

5 GHz band: Supports higher data transmission rates. Modern Wi-Fi standards (such as 802.11ac and 802.11ax) can reach a maximum speed of several thousand Mbps in the 5 GHz band (for example, the theoretical speed of Wi-Fi 6 can exceed 10 Gbps).

4. Channel interference

2.4 GHz band: Due to its wide use and crowded frequency band, interference may occur between channels. There are fewer available channels in the 2.4 GHz band (usually 11 to 14), and adjacent channels are prone to overlap, causing interference.

5 GHz band: Provides more non-overlapping channels (usually 20 to 25) with less interference between channels. Although 5 GHz band devices support more channels, you still need to be aware of interference sources, such as other 5 GHz devices and electronic devices.

5. Interference Sources

2.4 GHz band: This band is susceptible to interference from other devices such as microwave ovens, cordless phones, and Bluetooth devices. These devices also use the same frequency band and may cause signal quality to degrade.

5 GHz band: Less interference, the main interference sources may include other 5 GHz wireless networks or certain devices (such as cordless phones), but the overall interference level is lower than the 2.4 GHz band.

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